1 Raja-raja 12:1--13:34
Konteks12:1 Rehoboam traveled to Shechem, for all Israel had gathered in 1 Shechem to make Rehoboam 2 king. 12:2 3 When Jeroboam son of Nebat heard the news, he was still in Egypt, where he had fled from King Solomon and had been living ever since. 4 12:3 They sent for him, 5 and Jeroboam and the whole Israelite assembly came and spoke to Rehoboam, saying, 12:4 “Your father made us work too hard. 6 Now if you lighten the demands he made and don’t make us work as hard, we will serve you.” 7 12:5 He said to them, “Go away for three days, then return to me.” So the people went away.
12:6 King Rehoboam consulted with the older advisers who had served 8 his father Solomon when he had been alive. He asked them, 9 “How do you advise me to answer these people?” 12:7 They said to him, “Today if you show a willingness to help these people and grant their request, they will be your servants from this time forward.” 10 12:8 But Rehoboam rejected their advice and consulted the young advisers who served him, with whom he had grown up. 11 12:9 He asked them, “How do you advise me 12 to respond to these people who said to me, ‘Lessen the demands your father placed on us’?” 13 12:10 The young advisers with whom Rehoboam 14 had grown up said to him, “Say this to these people who have said to you, ‘Your father made us work hard, but now lighten our burden.’ 15 Say this to them: ‘I am a lot harsher than my father! 16 12:11 My father imposed heavy demands on you; I will make them even heavier. 17 My father punished you with ordinary whips; I will punish you with whips that really sting your flesh.’” 18
12:12 Jeroboam and all the people reported 19 to Rehoboam on the third day, just as the king had ordered when he said, “Return to me on the third day.” 12:13 The king responded to the people harshly. He rejected the advice of the older men 12:14 and followed 20 the advice of the younger ones. He said, “My father imposed heavy demands on you; I will make them even heavier. 21 My father punished you with ordinary whips; I will punish you with whips that really sting your flesh.” 22 12:15 The king refused to listen to the people, because the Lord was instigating this turn of events 23 so that he might bring to pass the prophetic announcement he had made 24 through Ahijah the Shilonite to Jeroboam son of Nebat.
12:16 When all Israel saw that the king refused to listen to them, the people answered the king, “We have no portion in David, no share in the son of Jesse! 25 Return to your homes, O Israel! 26 Now, look after your own dynasty, O David!” 27 So Israel returned to their homes. 28 12:17 (Rehoboam continued to rule over the Israelites who lived in the cities of Judah.) 12:18 King Rehoboam sent Adoniram, 29 the supervisor of the work crews, 30 out after them, but all Israel stoned him to death. King Rehoboam managed to jump into his chariot and escape to Jerusalem. 31 12:19 So Israel has been in rebellion against the Davidic dynasty to this very day. 12:20 When all Israel heard that Jeroboam had returned, they summoned him to the assembly and made him king over all Israel. No one except the tribe of Judah remained loyal to the Davidic dynasty. 32
12:21 When Rehoboam arrived in Jerusalem, he summoned 180,000 skilled warriors from all of Judah and the tribe of Benjamin 33 to attack Israel and restore the kingdom to Rehoboam son of Solomon. 12:22 But God told Shemaiah the prophet, 34 12:23 “Say this to King Rehoboam son of Solomon of Judah, and to all Judah and Benjamin, as well as the rest of the people, 12:24 ‘The Lord says this: “Do not attack and make war with your brothers, the Israelites. Each of you go home, for I have caused this to happen.”’” 35 They obeyed the Lord and went home as the Lord had ordered them to do. 36
12:25 37 Jeroboam built up Shechem in the Ephraimite hill country and lived there. From there he went out and built up Penuel. 12:26 Jeroboam then thought to himself: 38 “Now the Davidic dynasty could regain the kingdom. 39 12:27 If these people go up to offer sacrifices in the Lord’s temple in Jerusalem, 40 their loyalty could shift to their former master, 41 King Rehoboam of Judah. They might kill me and return to King Rehoboam of Judah.” 12:28 After the king had consulted with his advisers, 42 he made two golden calves. Then he said to the people, 43 “It is too much trouble for you to go up to Jerusalem. Look, Israel, here are your gods who brought you up from the land of Egypt.” 12:29 He put one in Bethel 44 and the other in Dan. 12:30 This caused Israel to sin; 45 the people went to Bethel and Dan to worship the calves. 46
12:31 He built temples 47 on the high places and appointed as priests people who were not Levites. 12:32 Jeroboam inaugurated a festival on the fifteenth day of the eighth month, 48 like the festival celebrated in Judah. 49 On the altar in Bethel he offered sacrifices to the calves he had made. 50 In Bethel he also appointed priests for the high places he had made.
12:33 On the fifteenth day of the eighth month (a date he had arbitrarily chosen) 51 Jeroboam 52 offered sacrifices on the altar he had made in Bethel. 53 He inaugurated a festival for the Israelites and went up to the altar to offer sacrifices. 13:1 Just then 54 a prophet 55 from Judah, sent by the Lord, arrived in Bethel, 56 as Jeroboam was standing near the altar ready to offer a sacrifice. 13:2 With the authority of the Lord 57 he cried out against the altar, “O altar, altar! This is what the Lord says, ‘Look, a son named Josiah will be born to the Davidic dynasty. He will sacrifice on you the priests of the high places who offer sacrifices on you. Human bones will be burned on you.’” 58 13:3 That day he also announced 59 a sign, “This is the sign the Lord has predetermined: 60 The altar will be split open and the ashes 61 on it will fall to the ground.” 62 13:4 When the king heard what the prophet 63 cried out against the altar in Bethel, Jeroboam, standing at the altar, extended his hand 64 and ordered, 65 “Seize him!” The hand he had extended shriveled up 66 and he could not pull it back. 13:5 The altar split open and the ashes 67 fell from the altar to the ground, 68 in fulfillment of the sign the prophet had announced with the Lord’s authority. 69 13:6 The king pled with 70 the prophet, 71 “Seek the favor of 72 the Lord your God and pray for me, so that my hand may be restored.” So the prophet sought the Lord’s favor 73 and the king’s hand was restored to its former condition. 74 13:7 The king then said to the prophet, “Come home with me and have something to eat. I’d like to give a present.” 13:8 But the prophet said to the king, “Even if you were to give me half your possessions, 75 I could not go with you and eat and drink 76 in this place. 13:9 For the Lord gave me strict orders, 77 ‘Do not eat or drink 78 there and do not go home the way you came.’” 13:10 So he started back on another road; he did not travel back on the same road he had taken to Bethel.
13:11 Now there was an old prophet living in Bethel. 79 When his sons came home, they told their father 80 everything the prophet 81 had done in Bethel that day and all the words he had spoken to the king. 82 13:12 Their father asked them, “Which road did he take?” His sons showed him 83 the road the prophet 84 from Judah had taken. 13:13 He then told his sons, “Saddle the donkey for me.” When they had saddled the donkey for him, he mounted it 13:14 and took off after the prophet, 85 whom he found sitting under an oak tree. He asked him, “Are you the prophet 86 from Judah?” He answered, “Yes, I am.” 13:15 He then said to him, “Come home with me and eat something.” 13:16 But he replied, “I can’t go back with you 87 or eat and drink 88 with you in this place. 13:17 For the Lord gave me strict orders, 89 ‘Do not eat or drink 90 there; do not go back the way you came.’” 13:18 The old prophet then said, 91 “I too am a prophet like you. An angel told me with the Lord’s authority, 92 ‘Bring him back with you to your house so he can eat and drink.’” 93 But he was lying to him. 94 13:19 So the prophet went back with him and ate and drank in his house. 95
13:20 While they were sitting at the table, the Lord spoke through the old prophet 96 13:21 and he cried out to the prophet from Judah, “This is what the Lord says, ‘You 97 have rebelled against the Lord 98 and have not obeyed the command the Lord your God gave you. 13:22 You went back and ate and drank in this place, even though he said to you, “Do not eat or drink there.” 99 Therefore 100 your corpse will not be buried in your ancestral tomb.’” 101
13:23 When the prophet from Judah finished his meal, 102 the old prophet saddled his visitor’s donkey for him. 103 13:24 As the prophet from Judah was traveling, a lion attacked him on the road and killed him. 104 His corpse was lying on the road, and the donkey and the lion just stood there beside it. 105 13:25 Some men came by 106 and saw the corpse lying in the road with the lion standing beside it. 107 They went and reported what they had seen 108 in the city where the old prophet lived. 13:26 When the old prophet who had invited him to his house heard the news, 109 he said, “It is the prophet 110 who rebelled against the Lord. 111 The Lord delivered him over to the lion and it ripped him up 112 and killed him, just as the Lord warned him.” 113 13:27 He told his sons, “Saddle my donkey,” and they did so. 114 13:28 He went and found the corpse lying in the road with the donkey and the lion standing beside it; 115 the lion had neither eaten the corpse nor attacked the donkey. 13:29 The old prophet 116 picked up the corpse of the prophet, 117 put it on the donkey, and brought it back. The old prophet then entered the city to mourn him and to bury him. 13:30 He put the corpse into his own tomb, and they 118 mourned over him, saying, “Ah, my brother!” 13:31 After he buried him, he said to his sons, “When I die, bury me in the tomb where the prophet 119 is buried; put my bones right beside his bones, 13:32 for the prophecy he announced with the Lord’s authority 120 against the altar in Bethel 121 and against all the temples on the high places in the cities of the north 122 will certainly be fulfilled.”
13:33 After this happened, Jeroboam still did not change his evil ways; 123 he continued to appoint common people 124 as priests at the high places. Anyone who wanted the job he consecrated as a priest. 125 13:34 This sin caused Jeroboam’s dynasty 126 to come to an end and to be destroyed from the face of the earth.
[12:1] 2 tn Heb “him”; the referent (Rehoboam) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[12:2] 3 tc Verse 2 is not included in the Old Greek translation. See the note on 11:43.
[12:2] 4 tn Heb “and Jeroboam lived in Egypt.” The parallel text in 2 Chr 10:2 reads, “and Jeroboam returned from Egypt.” In a purely consonantal text the forms “and he lived” and “and he returned” are identical (וישׁב).
[12:3] 5 tn Heb “They sent and called for him.”
[12:4] 6 tn Heb “made our yoke burdensome.”
[12:4] 7 tn Heb “but you, now, lighten the burdensome work of your father and the heavy yoke which he placed on us, and we will serve you.” In the Hebrew text the prefixed verbal form with vav (וְנַעַבְדֶךָ, [vÿna’avdekha] “and we will serve you”) following the imperative (הָקֵל [haqel], “lighten”) indicates purpose (or result). The conditional sentence used in the translation above is an attempt to bring out the logical relationship between these forms.
[12:6] 8 tn Heb “stood before.”
[12:7] 10 tn Heb “If today you are a servant to these people and you serve them and answer them and speak to them good words, they will be your servants all the days.”
[12:8] 11 tn Heb “He rejected the advice of the elders which they advised and he consulted the young men with whom he had grown up, who stood before him.” The referent (Rehoboam) of the initial pronoun (“he”) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[12:9] 12 tn In the Hebrew text the verb “we will respond” is plural, although it can be understood as an editorial “we.” The ancient versions have the singular here.
[12:9] 13 tn Heb “Lighten the yoke which your father placed on us.”
[12:10] 14 tn Heb “he”; the referent (Rehoboam) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[12:10] 15 tn Heb “Your father made our yoke heavy, but make it lighter upon us.”
[12:10] 16 tn Heb “My little one is thicker than my father’s hips.” The referent of “my little one” is not clear. The traditional view is that it refers to the little finger. As the following statement makes clear, Rehoboam’s point is that he is more harsh and demanding than his father.
[12:11] 17 tn Heb “and now my father placed upon you a heavy yoke, but I will add to your yoke.”
[12:11] 18 tn Heb “My father punished you with whips, but I will punish you with scorpions.” “Scorpions” might allude to some type of torture using poisonous insects, but more likely it refers to a type of whip that inflicts an especially biting, painful wound. Cf. CEV “whips with pieces of sharp metal.”
[12:14] 20 tn Heb “and spoke to them according to.”
[12:14] 21 tn Heb “My father made your yoke heavy, but I will add to your yoke.”
[12:14] 22 tn Heb “My father punished you with whips, but I will punish you with scorpions.” See the note on the same phrase in v. 11.
[12:15] 23 tn Heb “because this turn of events was from the
[12:15] 24 tn Heb “so that he might bring to pass his word which the
[12:16] 25 sn We have no portion in David; no share in the son of Jesse. Their point seems to be that they have no familial relationship with David that brings them any benefits or places upon them any obligations. They are being treated like outsiders.
[12:16] 26 tn Heb “to your tents, Israel.” The word “return” is supplied in the translation for stylistic reasons.
[12:16] 27 tn Heb “Now see your house, David.”
[12:16] 28 tn Heb “went to their tents.”
[12:18] 29 tc The MT has “Adoram” here, but the Old Greek translation and Syriac Peshitta have “Adoniram.” Cf. 1 Kgs 4:6.
[12:18] 30 sn The work crews. See the note on this expression in 4:6.
[12:18] 31 map For location see Map5 B1; Map6 F3; Map7 E2; Map8 F2; Map10 B3; JP1 F4; JP2 F4; JP3 F4; JP4 F4.
[12:20] 32 tn Heb “there was no one [following] after the house of David except the tribe of Judah, it alone.”
[12:21] 33 tn Heb “he summoned all the house of Judah and the tribe of Benjamin, one hundred eighty thousand chosen men, accomplished in war.”
[12:22] 34 tn Heb “and the word of God came to Shemaiah the man of God, saying.”
[12:24] 35 tn Heb “for this thing is from me.”
[12:24] 36 tn Heb “and they heard the word of the
[12:25] 37 tc The Old Greek translation has here a lengthy section consisting of twenty-three verses that are not found in the MT.
[12:26] 38 tn Heb “said in his heart.”
[12:26] 39 tn Heb “Now the kingdom could return to the house of David.” The imperfect verbal form translated “could return” is understood as having a potential force here. Perhaps this is not strong enough; another option is “will return.”
[12:27] 40 map For location see Map5 B1; Map6 F3; Map7 E2; Map8 F2; Map10 B3; JP1 F4; JP2 F4; JP3 F4; JP4 F4.
[12:27] 41 tn Heb “the heart of these people could return to their master.”
[12:28] 42 tn The words “with his advisers” are supplied in the translation for clarification.
[12:28] 43 tn Heb “to them,” although this may be a corruption of “to the people.” Cf. the Old Greek translation.
[12:29] 44 map For location see Map4 G4; Map5 C1; Map6 E3; Map7 D1; Map8 G3.
[12:30] 45 tn Heb “and this thing became a sin.”
[12:30] 46 tc The MT reads “and the people went before the one to Dan.” It is likely that some words have been accidentally omitted and that the text originally said, “and the people went before the one at Bethel and before the one at Dan.”
[12:31] 47 tn The Hebrew text has the singular, but the plural is preferable here (see 1 Kgs 13:32). The Old Greek translation and the Vulgate have the plural.
[12:32] 48 sn The eighth month would correspond to October-November in modern reckoning.
[12:32] 49 sn The festival he celebrated in Judah probably refers to the Feast of Tabernacles (i.e., Booths or Temporary Shelters), held in the seventh month (September-October). See also 1 Kgs 8:2.
[12:32] 50 tn Heb “and he offered up [sacrifices] on the altar; he did this in Bethel, sacrificing to the calves which he had made.”
[12:33] 51 tn Heb “which he had chosen by himself.”
[12:33] 52 tn Heb “he”; the referent (Jeroboam) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[12:33] 53 map For location see Map4 G4; Map5 C1; Map6 E3; Map7 D1; Map8 G3.
[13:1] 54 tn Heb “Look.” The Hebrew particle הִנֵּה (hinneh) is a rhetorical device by which the author invites the reader to visualize the scene for dramatic effect.
[13:1] 55 tn Heb “the man of God.”
[13:1] 56 tn Heb “came by the word of the
[13:2] 57 tn Heb “by the word of the
[13:2] 58 sn ‘Look…you.’ For the fulfillment of this prophecy see 2 Kgs 23:15-20.
[13:3] 61 tn Heb “the fat.” Reference is made to burnt wood mixed with fat. See HALOT 234 s.v. דשׁן.
[13:3] 62 tn Heb “will be poured out.”
[13:4] 63 tn Heb “the man of God.”
[13:4] 64 tn Heb “Jeroboam extended his hand from the altar.”
[13:4] 66 tn Heb “dried up” or “withered.” TEV and NLT interpret this as “became paralyzed.”
[13:5] 67 tn Heb “the fat.” Reference is made to burnt wood mixed with fat. See HALOT 234 s.v. דשׁן.
[13:5] 68 tn Heb “were poured out from the altar.”
[13:5] 69 tn Heb “according to the sign which the man of God had given by the word of the
[13:6] 70 tn Heb “The king answered and said to.”
[13:6] 71 tn Heb “the man of God” (a second time later in this verse, and once in v. 7 and v. 8).
[13:6] 72 tn Heb “appease the face of.”
[13:6] 73 tn Heb “appeased the face of the
[13:6] 74 tn Heb “and it was as in the beginning.”
[13:8] 76 tn Heb “eat food and drink water.”
[13:9] 77 tn Heb “for this he commanded me by the word of the
[13:9] 78 tn Heb “eat food and drink water.”
[13:11] 79 map For location see Map4 G4; Map5 C1; Map6 E3; Map7 D1; Map8 G3.
[13:11] 80 tn Heb “and his son came and told him.” The MT has the singular here, but several other textual witnesses have the plural, which is more consistent with the second half of the verse and with vv. 12-13.
[13:11] 81 tn Heb “the man of God.”
[13:11] 82 tn Heb “all the actions which the man of God performed that day in Bethel, the words which he spoke to the king, and they told them to their father.”
[13:12] 83 tn The Hebrew text has “and his sons saw” (וַיִּרְאוּ [vayyir’u], Qal from רָאָה [ra’ah]). In this case the verbal construction (vav consecutive + prefixed verbal form) would have to be understood as pluperfect, “his sons had seen.” Such uses of this construction are rare at best. Consequently many, following the lead of the ancient versions, prefer to emend the verbal form to a Hiphil with pronominal suffix (וַיַּרְאֻהוּ [vayyar’uhu], “and they showed him”).
[13:12] 84 tn Heb “the man of God.”
[13:14] 85 tn Heb “the man of God.”
[13:14] 86 tn Heb “the man of God.”
[13:16] 87 tn Heb “I am unable to return with you or to go with you.”
[13:16] 88 tn Heb “eat food and drink water.”
[13:17] 89 tn Heb “for a word to me by the word of the
[13:17] 90 tn Heb “eat food and drink water.”
[13:18] 91 tn Heb “and he said to him.”
[13:18] 92 tn Heb “by the word of the
[13:18] 93 tn Heb “eat food and drink water.”
[13:18] 94 tn Or “deceiving him.”
[13:18] sn He was lying to him. The motives and actions of the old prophet are difficult to understand. The old man’s response to the prophet’s death (see vv. 26-32) suggests he did not trick him with malicious intent. The old prophet probably wanted the honor of entertaining such a celebrity, or perhaps simply desired some social interaction with a fellow prophet.
[13:19] 95 tn Heb “and he returned with him and ate food in his house and drank water.”
[13:20] 96 tn Heb “and the word of the
[13:21] 97 tn The Hebrew text has “because” at the beginning of the sentence. In the Hebrew text vv. 21-22 are one long sentence comprised of a causal clause giving the reason for divine punishment (vv. 21-22a) and the main clause announcing the punishment (v. 22b). The translation divides this lengthy sentence for stylistic reasons.
[13:21] 98 tn Heb “the mouth [i.e., command] of the
[13:22] 99 tn Heb “and you returned and ate food and drank water in the place about which he said to you, ‘do not eat food and do not drink water.’”
[13:22] 100 tn “Therefore” is added for stylistic reasons. See the note at 1 Kgs 13:21 pertaining to the grammatical structure of vv. 21-22.
[13:22] 101 tn Heb “will not go to the tomb of your fathers.”
[13:23] 102 tn Heb “and after he had eaten food and after he had drunk.”
[13:23] 103 tn Heb “and he saddled for him the donkey, for the prophet whom he had brought back.”
[13:24] 104 tn Heb “and he went and a lion met him in the road and killed him.”
[13:24] 105 tn Heb “and his corpse fell on the road, and the donkey was standing beside it, and the lion was standing beside the corpse.”
[13:25] 106 tn Heb “Look, men were passing by.”
[13:25] 107 tn Heb “the corpse.” The noun has been replaced by the pronoun (“it”) in the translation for stylistic reasons.
[13:25] 108 tn The words “what they had seen” are supplied in the translation for clarification.
[13:26] 109 tn Heb “and the prophet who had brought him back from the road heard.”
[13:26] 110 tn Heb “the man of God.”
[13:26] 111 tn Heb “the mouth of the
[13:26] 112 tn Heb “broke him,” or “crushed him.”
[13:26] 113 tn Heb “according to the word of the
[13:27] 114 tn Heb “and they saddled [it].”
[13:28] 115 tn Heb “the corpse.” The noun has been replaced by the pronoun (“it”) in the translation for stylistic reasons.
[13:29] 116 tn Heb “the prophet.” The word “old” has been supplied in the translation to distinguish this individual from the other prophet.
[13:29] 117 tn Heb “the man of God.”
[13:30] 118 tn “They” is the reading of the Hebrew text here; perhaps this is meant to include not only the old prophet but his sons (cf. v. 31).
[13:31] 119 tn Heb “the man of God.”
[13:32] 120 tn Heb “for the word which he cried out by the word of the
[13:32] 121 map For location see Map4 G4; Map5 C1; Map6 E3; Map7 D1; Map8 G3.
[13:32] 122 tn Heb “Samaria.” The name of Israel’s capital city here stands for the northern kingdom as a whole. Actually Samaria was not built and named until several years after this (see 1 Kgs 16:24), so it is likely that the author of Kings, writing at a later time, is here adapting the old prophet’s original statement.
[13:33] 123 tn Heb “did not turn from his evil way.”
[13:33] 124 sn The expression common people refers to people who were not Levites. See 1 Kgs 12:31.
[13:33] 125 tn Heb “and one who had the desire he was filling his hand so that he became [one of] the priests of the high places.”
